Don't Retract Pack

Celebration of the Breast Calendars

With Holly Milkowski of Mama's Milk, No Chaser


We are excited to announce these new Celebration of the Breast Calendars from Mama's Milk, No Chaser. Holly Milkowski writes, "This is an idea that was inspired by Nicole Deelah of Sage Beginnings Doula Services, and professionally shot by Blue Fitzcarraldo of Blue Fitz Photography. We had an open call for any and all women who wished to be involved and welcomed those who wanted to participate in either version of the calendar [Vital or Taboo]."

Milkowski continues, "It was a fun and beautiful project to work on. Each month explores different themes that speak of the female breast’s power: what it is, how it works, what it looks like, what it does, its simultaneous oppression and influence. We have within this calendar a monthly cycle framing the history and functions of the very body part that defines our species."

"The female breast is life-giving. Fascinating. Unique. A marker of milestones. Misunderstood. All the while, totally, utterly normal. For a variety of reasons, we believe everyone benefits from getting used to seeing breasts — especially used as biologically intended, reflected in art, for education, or otherwise for sexual expression as the owner of the breast chooses."

Milkowski and her team made two versions of this calendar. *


Vital… 

is bright and gorgeous. Perfect for an office wall, or a kitchen fridge.

Taboo… 

is provocative and challenges social expectations. (Please be aware this calendar contains what some may consider to be mature themes and/or suggestive imagery).

* Images above are examples of what you’ll find inside. 

Too hard to choose? If you decide to purchase both in the same order, you will receive a special discount — a savings of $10! Better yet, all proceeds go to a great cause (read more on that below).

THANK YOU for supporting The Breast better than any bra ever could. 🙂

U.S. shipping is included; for international orders, please email MilkowskiHolly@gmail.com


 






About the Proceeds 
Proceeds from these calendars will go directly to The INTACT Network and Intact Houston. These are not-for-profit organizations directed by Saving Our Sons, whose mission is to bring an end to the forced genital cutting of minors and ensure equal genital autonomy rights for all. All funds donated are used for educational materials, hosting local awareness-raising events/presentations, and protecting those who are at risk of unnecessary genital harm.


Long-Term Adverse Effects of Circumcision

Doctors Opposing Circumcision: Genital Integrity Policy Statement 
This chapter was originally available at the DOC website, and is archived here for future reading.


Chapter Six: Long-Term Adverse Effects of Circumcision

Male circumcision has many adverse effects that do not appear until later in life. These effects usually are overlooked and ignored in most discussions of male circumcision.

Emotional Effects

Memory starts before birth1 and newborn infants have fully functioning pain pathways.2 One would expect, therefore, to find psychological effects associated with the painful genital cutting operation.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a normal response to an abnormal event. Neonatal genital cutting is an event in which a newborn infant experiences extreme levels of pain, terror, and helplessness,3 so it fulfills the criteria as a psychogenic for PTSD. Levy (1945) reported that children experience behavior problems, such as night terrors and a fear of nurses and doctors, after surgery, including circumcision.4 Cansever (1965) tested boys before and after circumcison and reported that the ego seeks safety in total withdrawal.5 Levy found their symptoms to be similar to combat neurosis, now known as PTSD.4 Taddio et al. (1997) studied the behavior of babies at first vaccination. They found that circumcised boys have a much stronger reaction to pain of vaccination than do girls and intact non-circumcised boys, which the authors suggested is an “infant analogue” of PTSD.6 Other authors also have reported PTSD in circumcised males. Rhinehart (1999) reported four cases of PTSD secondary to neonatal circumcision in middle-aged men that he encountered in his psychiatric practice.7 Ramos & Boyle (2001) reported PTSD in 70 percent of Philippino boys who experienced ritual circumcision and 51 percent of Philippino boys who experienced medical circumcision.8
Circumcised males often feel great anxiety regarding their circumcision. This manifests itself in a reluctance to talk about circumcision or an assertion that “I’m circumcised and I’m fine.”9 van der Kolk (1989) reports some traumatized males also have a compulsion to reenact or repeat the trauma.10 These feelings emerge as the “adamant father” syndrome. Typically, a circumcised father will irrationally and adamantly insist that a son undergo circumcision, although this is contrary to contemporary medical advice.
Some circumcised doctors also exhibit anxiety by pushing medically unnecessary circumcision on their patients11 or writing medical journal articles to defend the practice.12-14 Such articles are “flawed papers that dismiss the harm and exaggerate alleged benefits.”14 This has caused the medical literature on the subject of male circumcision to become voluminous and polarized because other doctors write letters and articles to refute the false claims of circumcised doctors.13
Circumcision of the newborn usually is performed in the first week of life (the perinatal period), and, as reported above, clearly is traumatic for most boys. Several authors report that perinatal trauma causes self-destructive behavior in adult life.10, 15-18
Circumcision is cyclic trauma. Many males, who were circumcised as infants, grow up to become circumcisers themselves, in an unending repetitive pattern of abuse.10-13,18,19

Sexual Effects

Taylor et al. (1996) report circumcision removes more than 50 percent of the normal skin and mucosa from the penis.20 This skin and mucosa is provided by nature to allow for the expansion of the penis during erection. There may not be enough residual foreskin and mucosal tissue after circumcision to allow the penis to expand during erection. The result not infrequently is painful erection or tearing at the scar site, as the residual tissue is stretched to the limit and beyond.21,22]
Earlier work by Winkelmann (1956,1959) showed the prepuce to be highly innervated and a “specific erogenous zone.”23,24 The foreskin contains the areas of the penis most sensitive to fine-touch.25
Meislahn & Taylor (2004) report an online survey of intact males, in which most of the men identified the foreskin, not the glans penis, as the site of sexual pleasure.26 This study is the first to report “directionality” in the foreskin. That is, the foreskin tends to return to the forward position. The survey found that stretching of the foreskin produces erection in intact males. The survey also reported that stretching of the ridged band of the foreskin produces contractions of thebulbocavernosal muscle, which produces ejaculation. The intact males who participated in the survey reported the foreskin to be far more important than the glans penis.27
Removal of the nerves of the foreskin by circumcision produces a deficit in sensory input into the central, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems. One, therefore, would expect to find alteration in sexual response. Several recent studies have found this to be the case. Coursey et al. (2001) reported that adult circumcision degrades erectile function.27 Fink et al. (2002) also reported worsened erectile function after adult circumcision and, in addition, a degradation of penile sensitivity.28 Pang & Kim (2002) carried out a survey in South Korea, where many adult males have been circumcised, and report that a man was twice as likely to have experienced diminished sexuality rather than improved sexuality.29 Shen et al. (2004) surveyed 95 circumcised male patients and reported erectile dysfunction in 28, weakened erectile confidence in 33, prolonged intercourse in 31, and difficult insertion in 41.30 Senkul et al. carried out a survey of young adult Turkish males who were circumcised in adult life. They reported increased time to ejaculate.31 Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) report that young circumcised males have more difficulty in reaching erection and orgasm.32 Kim & Pang (2007) reported a decrease in masturbatory pleasure and an increase in mastubatory difficulty in Korean males who were circumcised as adults.33 Frisch et al. (2011) reported that circumcised Danish men frequently experinence difficulties in achieving orgasm as compared with non-circumcised men.34 Podnar (2011) compared the penilo-cavenosus reflex of intact and circumcised men. He reported,“[t]he reflex was clinically non-elicitable in 73%, 64% and 8% of 30 circumcised men, 15 men with foreskin retraction, and 29 control men, respectively.”35 The evidence that circumcision injures human sexual response and function is now overwhelming and conclusive.
Denniston (2004) surveyed 38 men who had experienced sexual intercourse before and after circumcision. Twenty-two of the 38 men (58%) felt that the pleasure of intercourse was lessened and they would not have circumcision again.36
Circumcision changes male sexual behavior. Laumann et al. (1997) reports circumcised males have a “more highly elaborated set of sexual practices.” This includes more frequent masturbation and a greater preference for oral sex.37 The British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal 2000) reports that circumcised males were more likely to report homosexual partners and partners from abroad.38 Richters et al. (2006) report that more circumcised men in Australia tend to reach orgasm “too quickly”.39

Female Sexuality

Several studies report that male circumcision also adversely affects female sexuality. Warren & Bigelow (1994) report the foreskin avoids problems with vaginal dryness.40 Fleiss & Hodges (2002) explain that the lack of gliding action in the circumcised male partner causes the taut shaft skin to drag the vaginal lubrication out of the vagina.41 O’Hara & O’Hara (1999) surveyed women in the United States who had had sex with both circumcised and intact partners. They report the women preferred the partner to be intact by a ratio of 8.6 to one.42 Women reported that they were more likely to be orgasmic and even have multiple orgasms when the male partner is intact.43 Bensley & Boyle (2001) surveyed 35 women in Australia who had sexual experience with both circumcised and intact partners. Eleven, who had a mean age of 27.3 years, indicated a preference for a circumcised partner. Eleven, who had a mean age of 36.4 years indicated they would choose a genitally intact partner.44 They reported that circumcised males are signicantly less likely to use condoms because of concern about reduced penile sensitivity. In addition, the females were significantly more likely to report vaginal dryness with a circumcised partner.43,44 The experience reported with a circumcised male partner is similar to the symptoms of “female arousal disorder.” Female arousal disorder may be a normal response to sex with a circumcised male partner.43,44 Frisch et al. (2011) report that male circumcision is associated with “orgasm difficulties, dyspareunia and a sense of incomplete sexual needs fulfillment.”34

Social Effects

Laumann (1997) reported that 77 percent of the adult males in the National Health and Social Life Survey (1992) were circumcised.37 The effects of this wounding by circumcision have been discussed above. Goldman (1997) argues extensively that the result of having so many emotionally and sexually injured males in a society would produce undesirable social effects.46
Goldman (1997) suggests that men who were neonatally circumcised would be more likely to suffer from low self-esteem, to avoid intimacy in male-female relationships, and a higher incidence of divorce.46 Moreover, he says neonatal circumcision may cause a higher incidence of unnecessary surgery, and of adult violence, including suicide, rape, and murder.46
Baker (1996) argues that men harbor rage toward their mothers for their circumcision. She also identifies a connection between sexual violence, rape, and neonatal circumcision.47 DeMause (1996) connects perinatal circumcision trauma with increases in teenage suicide and social violence.48

Effect on Medical Society Policy Statements

In the United States, where non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision once was a routine practice, a nearly totally circumcised male population was created. Medical doctors in the United States are largely a part of this circumcising culture, in which the abnormal appears to be normal. Circumcised men who become medical doctors have no personal experience of the foreskin and may never have seen a human foreskin. As reported above, if the doctor is circumcised himself, he is more likely to recommend circumcision to his patients.11
Medical societies in the United States are composed of men and women from this circumcising culture. Certain medical societies have issued public statements regarding circumcision. These statements inevitably are drafted by committees composed of persons, whether male or female, who are products of the circumcising culture, and who may feel a need to defend their culture of origin.12
These committees are faced with the challenge of sorting out the medical literature on circumcision, which as indicated above, has numerous papers written by circumcised doctors, who tend to be biased in favor of circumcision.12 Doctors from circumcising cultures may be blinded to the bias of published papers.
Moreover, male members of the committee are faced with the uncomfortable task of challenging their own circumcision.49 Members may be parents who have had a son circumcised and who may feel a need to defend that decision.12 Some members conceivably could even have a compulsion to reenact the trauma of their own circumcision on others!10
Doctors who are appointed to policy committees may have strong opinions on circumcision as a result of their previous experiences in a circumcising culture. Medical doctors, who profit from the performance of circumcision, may be appointed to serve on a policy committee.*49
Conflict-of-interest is inevitable. Such conflicted doctors are unlikely to be able to produce a truly evidence-based statement, even if they are able to sort out the bias in the medical literature.49,50 Fox & Thomson (2005) report that medical societies downplay or minimize the risks associated with male circumcision.51 For example, one law review article has found serious departures from the evidence in two statements produced by the American Academy of Pediatrics.52
American medical societies, thus far, have been unable or unwilling to acknowledge the human rights (see Chapter Nine) and medical ethics (see Chapter Eleven) issues inherent in the non-therapeutic circumcision of children.13 Similarly, they have not recognized the long-term adverse effects reported in this chapter.13
Foley (1966) reports that circumcised doctors are biased in favor of circumcision.53 Circumcision practice of long ago, therefore, has an effect on the policy statements of medical societies today. Such statements are the result of compromises between the bias of the committee members in favor of circumcision and the overwhelming evidence supporting genital integrity as the optimum choice for health and well-being. Such statements tend to perpetuate the status quo.49 The public, therefore, is poorly served by the apparent inability of circumcised doctors to produce a truly evidence-based statement.13


*It is very likely that all of the male members of the three task forces of the American Academy of Pediatrics are circumcised and not one has any personal knowledge of the prepuce. Circumcised doctors frequently need to justify their loss of genital integrity with claims of prophylactic benefits, so their writings tend to be biased against genital integrity.12,13

References
  1. Hepper PG, Fetal memory: Does it exist? What does it do? Acta Pædiatr (Stockholm) 1996; Suppl 416:16–20. [Full Text]
  2. Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. New Engl J Med 1987;317(21):1321–9. [Full Text]
  3. American Psychiatric Association. 309.81 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington 1994:424–29. [Text]
  4. Levy D. Psychic trauma of operations in children: and a note on combat neurosis. Am J Dis Child 1945;69:7–25. [Abstract]
  5. Cansever G. Psychological effects of circumcision. Brit J Med Psychol 1965;38:321–31. [Full Text]
  6. Taddio A, Katz J, Ilersich AL, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet 1997;349(9052):599–603. [Full Text]
  7. Rhinehart J. Neonatal circumcision reconsidered. Transactional Analysis Journal 1999;29(3):215–21. [Full Text]
  8. Ramos S, Boyle GJ. Ritual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: Evidence of post–traumatic stress disorder. In G. C. Denniston, F. M. Hodges, & M. F. Milos (Eds.), Understanding circumcision: A multi-disciplinary approach to a multi-dimensional problem. New York: Kluwer/Plenum, 2001.
  9. Ritter TJ. Say No to Circumcision. Aptos, CA: Hourglass Book Publishing, 1992:17–1.
  10. van der Kolk BA. The compulsion to repeat the trauma: re–enactment, revictimization, and masochism. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1989;12(2):389–411. [Full Text]
  11. LeBourdais E. Circumcision no longer a "routine" surgical procedure. Can Med Assoc J 1995; 152(11):1873–6. [Full Text]
  12. Goldman R. The psychological impact of circumcision. BJU Int 1999;83 Suppl. 1:93–103. [Full Text]
  13. Hill G. The case against circumcision. J Mens Health Gend 2007;4(3):318–23. [Full Text]
  14. Boyle GJ, Hill G. Circumcision-generated emotions bias medical literature. BJU Int 2012;109:e11. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10917.x [Full Text]
  15. Salk L, Lipsitt LP, Sturner WQ, et al. Relationship of maternal and perinatal conditions to eventual adolescent suicide. Lancet 1985;i:624–7. [Abstract]
  16. Jacobson B, Eklund G, Hamberger L, et al. Perinatal origin of adult self–destructive behavior. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;76(4):364–71. [Abstract]
  17. Jacobson B, Bygdeman M. Obstetric care and proneness of offspring to suicide. BMJ 1998;317:1346–49. [Full Text]
  18. Miller A. Appendix: The Newly Recognized, Shattering Effects of Child Abuse. In: The Untouched Key: Tracing Childhood Trauma in Creativity and Destructiveness.Anchor Books (Doubleday) New York, 1991. (Originally published as Der gemiedene Schlüssel by Suhrkampt Verlag am Main, 1988).
  19. Denniston GC. Tyranny of the victims: an analysis of circumcision advocacy. In: Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF.(eds.) Medical, Legal and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999.
  20. Taylor JR, Lockwood AP, Taylor AJ. The prepuce: specialized mucosa of the penis and its loss to circumcision. Br J Urol 1996;77:291–5. [Full Text]
  21. Bigelow J. The Joy of Uncircumcising!, 2nd edition. Aptos, CA: Hourglass Book Publishing, 1995: p. 80–81.
  22. Fleiss PM, Hodges FM. What your Doctor May Not Tell You About Circumcision. New York: Warner Books, 2002: p. 223.
  23. Winkelmann RK. The cutaneous innervation of the human newborn prepuce. J Invest Dermatol 1956;26(1):53–67. [Full Text]
  24. Winkelmann RK. The erogenous zones: their nerve supply and significance. Mayo Clin Proc 1959;34(2):39–47. [Full Text]
  25. Sorrells ML, Snyder JL, Reiss MD, et al. Fine–touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis. BJU Int 2007;99:864–9. [Full Text]
  26. Meislahn HS, Taylor JR. The importance of the foreskin to male sexual reflexes. In: George C. Denniston, Frederick Mansfield Hodges, Marilyn Fayre Milos, eds. Flesh and Blood: Perspectives on the Problem of Circumcision in Contemporary Society. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004.
  27. Coursey JW, Morey AF, McAninch JW, et al. Erectile function after anterior urethroplasty. J Urol 2001;166(6):2273–6. [Full Text]
  28. Fink KS, Carson CC, DeVellis RF. Adult circumcision outcomes study: effect on erectile function, penile sensitivity, sexual activity and satisfaction. J Urol2002;167(5):2113–6. [Full Text]
  29. Pang MG, Kim DS. Extraordinarily high rates of male circumcision in South Korea: history and underlying causes. BJU Int 2002;89:48–54. [Full Text]
  30. Shen Z, Chen S, Zhu C, et al. [Erectile function evaluation after adult circumcision]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2004;10(1):18–9. [Abstract]
  31. Senkul T, Iseri C, Sen B. et al. Circumcision in adults: effect on sexual function. Urology 2004;63(1):155–8. [Full Text]
  32. Thorvaldsen MA, Meyhoff H. Patologisk eller fysiologisk fimose? Ugeskr Læger 2005;167(17):1858–62. [Abstract]
  33. Kim D, Pang M. The effect of male circumcision on sexuality. BJU Int 2007;99(3):619–22. [Full Text]
  34. Frisch M, Lindholm, Grønbæk M. Male circumcision and sexual function in men and women: a survey-based, cross-sectional study in Denmark. Int J Epidemiol2011;40(5):1367-81. [Full Text]
  35. Podnar S. Clinical elicitation of the penilo-cavernosus reflex in circumcised men. BJU Int 2012:209:582-5. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10364.x [Full Text]
  36. Denniston GC. Circumcision and sexual pleasure. In: Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF. (eds.) Flesh and Blood: Perspectives on the Problem of Circumcision in Contemporary Society. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004: pp.45–53.
  37. Laumann, EO, Masi CM, Zuckerman EW. Circumcision in the United States. JAMA 1997;277(13):1052–7. [Full Text]
  38. Dave SS, Johnson AM, Fenton KA, et al. Male circumcision in Britain: findings from a national probability sample survey. Sex Trans Infect 2003;79:499–500. [Full Text]
  39. Richters J, Smith AMA, de Visser RO, et al. Circumcision in Australia: prevalence and effects on sexual health. Int J STD AIDS 2006;17:547–54. [Full Text]
  40.  Warren J, Bigelow J. The case against circumcision. Br J Sex Med 1994; Sept/Oct: 6–8. [Full Text]
  41. Fleiss PM, Hodges FM. What your Doctor May Not Tell You About Circumcision. New York: Warner Books, 2002: pp. 27–28, 87.
  42. O'Hara K, O'Hara J. The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner. BJU Int 1999;83 Suppl 1:79–84. [Full Text]
  43. Bensley GA, Boyle GJ. Physical, sexual, and psychological effects of male infant circumcision: an exploratory survey. In: Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF, editors. Understanding circumcision: a multi-disciplinary approach to a multi-dimensional problem. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2001. pp. 207-39.[Full Text]
  44. Bensley GA, Boyle GJ. Effects of male circumcision on female arousal and orgasm. N Z Med J 2003;116(1181):595–6. [Full Text]
  45. Boyle GJ. Circumcision in adults: effect on sexual function. Urology 2004;64(6):1267–8. [Full Text]
  46. Goldman R. Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma. Boston: Vanguard Publications, 1997: pp. 139–75.
  47. Baker JP. Ending circumcision: where sex and violence first meet. Primal Renaissance: The Journal of Primal Psychology 1996;2(1):54–8. [Full Text]
  48. deMause L. Restaging fetal traumas in war and social violence. Pre- & Perinatal Psychology Journal 1996;10(4):227–58. [Full Text]
  49. Goldman R. Circumcision policy: a psychosocial perpective. Paediatr Child Health 2004;9(9):630–3. [Full Text]
  50. Fleiss PM. An analysis of bias regarding circumcision in American medical literature. In: Denniston GC, Hodges FM, Milos MF (eds.) Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999: pp. 379-402.
  51. Fox M, Thomson M. Short changed? The law and ethics of male circumcision. Int J Child Rights 2005;13:161–81. [Full Text]
  52. Giannetti M. Circumcision and the American Academy of Pediatrics: Should scientific misconduct result in trade association liability? Iowa Law Rev 2000;85:1507–68. [Full Text]
  53. Foley JM. The unkindest cut of all. Fact 1966;3(4):2-9. [Full Text]


Tree of Life Artistic Breastfeeding Photos




Mothers everywhere are creating and celebrating gorgeous tree of life breastfeeding art photos this month with the help of the PicsArt app.

To create your own, follow the directions below, and share with peaceful parenting on Facebook to have your photo added to this album of beautiful celebration.


Directions: 

  • Download the PicsArt app to your phone.
  • Choose/save a breastfeeding photo you like.
  • Using Google, search for "transparent tree of life" or "transparent tree with roots" or save an image with a white background. We have a few options at the bottom of this page that you can use. UPDATE: Because of the popularity of these tree of life breastfeeding photos, PicsArt has added a variety of trees to its stickers that can be used right from the app. Directions to select a pre-made sticker from the app are below.
  • Click "Edit" and select your breastfeeding photo.
  • Use "Tools" to crop to a 1:1 square size for profile images.
  • Click "Magic" and select your filter. Adjust filter intensity to your liking.
  • Click "Apply" to save.
  • Scroll over select "Add Photo." Add your tree photo and adjust its size and orientation. UPDATE: PicsArt now has trees in its stickers file. To use one already in the app, click "Add Ons," select "Tree of Life" click the "Free/Use" button at the bottom. This will add the tree stickers to your tool bar. Go back to your main image, find the "Sticker" tab, and select the tree you'd like to use.
  • Decrease opacity or color of your tree to your liking, stretch/alter size and orientation, and click "Blend" to alter the way the tree overlay looks. This will also eliminate white backgrounds for non-transparent tree images.
  • When you are finished "Save and Share" (to yourself only if you'd like this to remain private on your phone PicsApp account).
  • Upload your image anywhere you'd like it to be used.


Happy Breastfeeding!


Related Resources: 

Good Breastfeeding Books

The Breastfeeding Discussion Group (for nursing mothers and IBCLCs)

Articles at Peaceful Parenting (scroll to bottom)

Breastfeeding Info Packets and Stash Items (encouragement for expecting and nursing moms)

❤ Chelsea and her little one

❤ Rita and her little one

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❤ Brooke and her little one

❤  Mia and her little one

❤ Danni and her little one

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❤ Ashley and her little one

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❤ Liquid gold! Pumping. Photo by Linda

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 ❤ Leah and her little one

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❤ Heidi and her little one


Tree of Life Images that will work for overlays:
Note that PicsArt has now added their own trees in the "Add Ons" option for ease of use.